 - Also see modulation.
Amplitude modulation (AM) is a method of impressing data onto an alternating-current (AC) carrier waveform.The
highest frequency of the modulating data is
normally less than 10 percent of the carrier frequency.The instantanous amplitude
(overall signal power) varies depending on the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating
data.
In AM, the carrier itself does not fluctuate in amplitude.Instead,
the modulating data appears in the form of signal components at frequencies slightly
higher and lower than that of the carrier.These components are called sidebands.
The lower sideband (LSB) appears at frequencies below the carrier frequency; the
upper sideband (USB) appears at frequencies above the carrier frequency.The LSB and
USB are essentially "mirror images" of each other in a graph of signal amplitude
versus frequency, as shown in the illustration.The sideband power accounts for the
variations in the overall amplitude of the signal.
When a carrier is amplitude-modulated with a pure sine wave, up to 1/3 (33
percent) of the overall signal power is contained in the sidebands.The other 2/3 of
the signal power is contained in the carrier, which does not contribute to the transfer of
data.With a complex modulating signal such as voice, video, or music, the sidebands
generally contain 20 to 25 percent of the overall signal power; thus the carrier consumes
75 to 80 percent of the power.This makes AM an inefficient mode.If an
attempt is made to increase the modulating data input amplitude beyond these limits, the
signal will become distorted, and will occupy a much greater bandwidth than it should.This is called
overmodulation, and can result in interference to signals on nearby frequencies.
| LAST UPDATED: |
03 Dec 2000
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