The critical path method (CPM) is a step-by-step technique for process planning that defines critical and non-critical tasks with the goal of preventing time-frame problems and process bottlenecks. The CPM is ideally suited to projects consisting of numerous activities that interact in a complex manner.

In applying the CPM, there are several steps that can be summarized as follows:

• Define the required tasks and put them down in an ordered (sequenced) list.
• Create a flowchart or other diagram showing each task in relation to the others.
• Identify the critical and non-critical relationships (paths) among tasks.
• Determine the expected completion or execution time for each task.
• Locate or devise alternatives (backups) for the most critical paths.

The CPM was developed in the 1950s by DuPont, and was first used in missile-defense construction projects. Since that time, the CPM has been adapted to other fields including hardware and software product research and development. Various computer programs are available to help project managers use the CPM.

22 Mar 2011