Artificial intelligence - machine learning
Terms related to artificial intelligence (AI), including definitions about machine learning and words and phrases about training data, algorithms, natural language processing, neural networks and automation.DIA - RES
- Dialogflow - Dialogflow is a natural language processing (NLP) platform that can be used to build conversational applications and experiences for a company’s customers in various languages and on multiple platforms.
- dimensionality reduction - Dimensionality reduction is a machine learning (ML) or statistical technique of reducing the amount of random variables in a problem by obtaining a set of principal variables.
- disambiguation - Disambiguation (also called word sense disambiguation) is the act of interpreting the intended sense or meaning of a word.
- dynamic pricing - The goal of dynamic pricing is to allow a company that sells goods or services over the Internet to adjust prices on the fly in response to market demands.
- embedded vision - Embedded vision is the integration of computer vision in machines that use algorithms to decode meaning from observing pixel patterns in images or video.
- empirical analysis - Empirical analysis is an evidence-based approach to the study and interpretation of information.
- evolutionary algorithm - An evolutionary algorithm (EA) is an algorithm that uses mechanisms inspired by nature and solves problems through processes that emulate the behaviors of living organisms.
- expert system - An expert system is a program that uses artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to simulate the knowledge and judgment of humans.
- explainable AI (XAI) - Explainable AI (XAI) is artificial intelligence that is programmed to describe its purpose, rationale and decision-making process in a way that can be understood by the average person.
- extended intelligence (EI) - Extended intelligence (EI) is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance human intelligence.
- extrapolation and interpolation - Extrapolation is an estimation of a value based on extending a known sequence of values or facts beyond the area that is certainly known.
- eye-in-hand system - An eye-in-hand system is a robot end effector equipped with a close-range camera.
- facial recognition - Facial recognition is a category of biometric software that maps an individual's facial features mathematically and stores the data as a faceprint.
- figurative language - Figurative language is writing or speech in which any type of linguistic device has been used to make it more interesting or impactful.
- figure of speech - A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is not intended to be interpreted literally, usually as a device to make language more interesting, intense or colorful.
- first-order logic - First-order logic is symbolized reasoning in which each sentence, or statement, is broken down into a subject and a predicate.
- forward chaining - Forward chaining is the logical process of inferring unknown truths from known data and moving forward using determined conditions and rules to find a solution.
- fuzzy logic - Fuzzy logic is an attempt to use more human-like reasoning and better reflect reality through employing"degrees of truth" rather than the usual "true or false" (1 or 0) Boolean logic on which the modern computer is based.
- generative adversarial network (GAN) - A generative adversarial network (GAN) is a type of AI machine learning (ML) technique made up of two nets that are in competition with one another in a zero-sum game framework.
- generative modeling - Generative modeling is the use of artificial intelligence (AI), statistics and probability in applications to produce a representation or abstraction of observed phenomena or target variables that can be calculated from observations.
- genetic programming - Genetic programming is a model of programming which uses the ideas (and some of the terminology) of biological evolution to handle a complex problem.
- gesture recognition - Gesture recognition is the mathematical interpretation of a human motion by a computing device.
- Gmail Smart Compose - Gmail Smart Compose is a predictive text feature to help save effort in composing email messages.
- Google AI - Google AI is the new name under which Google Research, the search giant’s artificial intelligence (AI) research and development branch, will continue for its AI applications.
- Google AutoML Vision - Google AutoML Vision is a machine learning model builder for image recognition, offered as a service from Google Cloud.
- Google Duplex - Google Duplex is an artificial intelligence (AI) chat agent that can carry out specific verbal tasks, such as making a reservation or appointment, over the phone.
- graph database - A graph database, also called a graph-oriented database, is a type of NoSQL database that uses graph theory to store, map and query relationships.
- graph theory - Graph theory is the study of points and lines.
- Hadoop - Hadoop is an open source distributed processing framework that manages data processing and storage for big data applications running in clustered systems.
- Hadoop as a service (HaaS) - Hadoop as a service (HaaS), also known as Hadoop in the cloud, is a big data analytics framework that stores and analyzes data in the cloud using Hadoop.
- IBM Watson Assistant - IBM Watson Assistant is a white label cloud service that allows enterprise-level software developers to embed a virtual assistant (VA) in the software they are developing and brand the VA as their own.
- IBM Watson supercomputer - Watson is an IBM supercomputer that combines artificial intelligence (AI) and sophisticated analytical software for optimal performance as a 'question answering' machine.
- image recognition - Image recognition, in the context of machine vision, is the ability of software to identify objects, places, people, writing and actions in images.
- intelligent agent - On the Internet, an intelligent agent (or simply an agent) is a program that gathers information or performs some other service without your immediate presence and on some regular schedule.
- intelligent agent - An intelligent agent is a program that can make decisions or perform a service based on its environment, user input and experiences.
- intelligent agent (AI) - An intelligent agent is an AI hardware and/or software system with some degree of autonomy and the capacity to make decisions and take actions.
- intelligent character recognition (ICR) - Intelligent character recognition (ICR) is the computer translation of manually entered text characters into machine-readable characters.
- intelligent database - An intelligent database is a full-text database that employs artficial intelligence (AI), interacting with users to ensure that returned items (hits) contain the most relevant information possible.
- intelligent device - An intelligent device is any type of equipment, instrument, or machine that has its own computing capability.
- intelligent system - An intelligent system is a machine with an embedded, Internet-connected computer that has the capacity to gather and analyze data and communicate with other systems.
- intelligent verification - Intelligent verification is a software process that allows engineers and technicians to use computers to ensure that a hardware design will perform as expected once the device has been fabricated or built.
- knowledge engineering - Knowledge engineering is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that tries to emulate the judgment and behavior of a human expert in a given field.
- knowledge-based systems (KBS) - A knowledge-based system (KBS) is a form of artificial intelligence (AI) that aims to capture the knowledge of human experts to support decision-making.
- labor automation - Labor automation refers to the use of technology to perform specific tasks or jobs traditionally done by humans.
- laboratory robotics - Laboratory robotics is the practice of using robots to perform or assist in laboratory tasks.
- lemmatization - Lemmatization is the grouping together of different forms of the same word.
- lexical ambiguity - Lexical ambiguity is the potential for multiple interpretations of spoken or written language that renders it difficult or impossible to understand without some additional information.
- linguistic ambiguity - Linguistic ambiguity is a quality of language that makes speech or written text open to multiple interpretations.
- LivePerson - LivePerson is a software as a service (SaaS) provider that develops customer engagement and conversational commerce applications and platforms.
- logic analyzer - A logic analyzer (occasionally called a logical analyzer) is a laboratory test instrument designed to display and evaluate digital signals.
- logic level - A logic level is one of several states that a digital signal can possess, expressed as a DC (direct-current) voltage with respect to electrical ground.
- machine behavior - Machine behavior is an emerging field of study that explores the ways that intelligent agents behave, similarly to the way that many scientific disciplines explore the behavior of humans.
- machine learning (ML) - Machine learning (ML) is a category of algorithm that allows software applications to become more accurate in predicting outcomes without being explicitly programmed.
- machine learning bias (algorithm bias or AI bias) - Machine learning bias, also known as algorithm bias or AI bias, is a phenomenon that occurs when an algorithm produces results that are systematically prejudiced due to erroneous assumptions in the machine learning process.
- machine learning operations (MLOps) - Machine learning operations (MLOps) is the integration of development/operations (DevOps) and machine learning.
- machine vision (computer vision) - Machine vision, which is the ability of a computer to see, employs one or more video cameras, analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) and digital signal processing (DSP).
- machine-human collaboration - Machine-human collaboration is a model in which humans co-work with artificial intelligence (AI) systems and other machines rather than using them as tools.
- machine-to-machine (M2M) - Machine-to-machine, or M2M, is a broad label that can be used to describe any technology that enables networked devices to exchange information and perform actions without the manual assistance of humans.
- metacognition - Metacognition is the ability to reflect on one’s own cognitive processes.
- MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) - MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) is a technology used to verify the legitimacy or originality of paper documents, especially checks.
- microhand - A microhand is a miniature robotic end effector, which is a device or tool connected to the end of a robot arm.
- Microsoft Azure Machine Learning - Microsoft Azure Machine Learning is a collection of services and tools intended to help developers train and deploy machine learning models.
- Microsoft Cognitive Services - Microsoft Cognitive Services are a purpose-built collection of AI algorithms and application programming interfaces (APIs) to help developers add AI capabilities to websites, apps and AI agents.
- mind-brain identity theory - Mind-brain identity theory is a philosophy that purports the mind and brain are the same.
- Moral Machine - The Moral Machine is a platform developed at MIT to gather human perspective on the moral decisions made by artificial intelligence (AI).
- named entity recognition (NER) - Named entity recognition (NER) is a sub-task of information extraction (IE) that seeks out and categorizes specified entities in a body or bodies of texts.
- narrow AI (weak AI) - Narrow AI is an application of artificial intelligence technologies to enable a high-functioning system that replicates – and perhaps surpasses -- human intelligence for a dedicated purpose.
- natural language generation (NLG) - Natural language generation (NLG) is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) programming to produce written or spoken narrative from a dataset.
- natural language understanding (NLU) - Natural language understanding (NLU) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that works to use computers to understand input made in the form of sentences in text or speech format.
- neural net processor - A neural net processor is a CPU that takes the modeled workings of how a human brain operates onto a single chip.
- neuromorphic chip - A neuromorphic chip is an analog data processor inspired by the biological brain.
- neuroscience - Neuroscience is the area of study concerning the makeup and functioning of the nervous system.
- neurosynaptic chip (cognitive chip) - A neurosynaptic chip, also known as a cognitive chip, is a computer processor that functions more like a biological brain than a typical CPU does.
- object recognition - Object recognition is at the convergence points of robotics, machine vision, neural networks and AI.
- OCR (optical character recognition) - OCR (optical character recognition) is the use of technology to distinguish printed or handwritten text characters inside digital images of physical documents, such as a scanned paper document.
- onboard intelligence - Onboard intelligence is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) that is housed locally in the device it operates.
- ONNX - ONNX (Open Neural Network Exchange) is an open container format for the exchange of neural network models between different frameworks, providing they support ONNX import and export.
- ontology - In general, ontology (pronounced ahn-TAH-luh-djee) is the study or concern about what kinds of things exist - what entities there are in the universe.
- OpenAI - OpenAI is a non-profit research company that aims to develop and direct artificial intelligence (AI) in ways that benefit humanity as a whole.
- over sampling and under sampling - Over sampling and under sampling are techniques used in data mining and data analytics to modify unequal data classes to create balanced data sets.
- overfitting - Overfitting is the incorrect optimizing of an artificial intelligence (AI) model, where the seeking of accuracy goes too far and may result in false positives.
- palm print recognition - Palm print recognition is a biometric authentication method based on the unique patterns of various characteristics in the palms of people’s hands.
- palm vein recognition - Palm vein recognition is a biometric authentication method based on the unique patterns of veins in the palms of people’s hands.
- part-of-speech tagger (PoS tagger) - A part of speech (PoS) tagger is a software tool that labels words as one of several categories to identify the word's function in a given language.
- pattern recognition - Pattern recognition is the ability to detect arrangements of characteristics or data that yield information about a given system.
- perceptron - A perceptron is a simple model of a biological neuron in an artificial neural network.
- polynomial interpolation - Polynomial interpolation is a method of estimating values between known data points.
- prediction error - A prediction error is the failure of some expected event to occur.
- PredictionIO - PredictionIO is a machine learning server built on a state-of-the-art open source stack, allowing developers and data scientists to build smart applications and create predictive engines for machine learning.
- predictive analytics - Predictive analytics is a form of advanced analytics that uses both new and historical data to forecast activity, behavior and trends.
- predictive modeling - Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability to forecast outcomes.
- prescriptive analytics - Prescriptive analytics is a type of business analytics that focuses on finding the best course of action for a given situation, and belongs to a portfolio of analytic capabilities that include descriptive and predictive analytics.
- Pretty Please mode - Pretty Please mode is a feature added to require the use of “please” and “thank you” in voice commands for Google Assistant as used on Android devices and Google Home.
- probabilistic robotics - Probabilistic robotics, also called statistical robotics, is a field of robotics that involves the control and behavior of robots in environments subject to unforeseeable events.
- PyTorch - PyTorch is an open source machine learning (ML) framework based on the Python programming language and the Torch library.
- recommendation engine - Recommendation engines are common among online retail websites, such as Amazon.
- recurrent neural networks - Recurrent neural networks are a type of advanced neural network that uses directed cycles in memory in order to perform recurrent tasks on a body of data.
- reinforcement learning - Reinforcement learning is a training method based on rewarding desired behaviors and/or punishing undesired ones.
- reinforcement theory - Reinforcement theory is a psychological principle maintaining that behaviors are shaped by their consequences and that, accordingly, individual behaviors can be changed through rewards and punishments.
- restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) - A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is a type of artificial neural network (ANN) for learning probability distributions.